Author: pisen

某会社もあわせて開発設計業務を約10年やりました。
自身の仕事のやり方があっているのか、時代にあっているのか疑問になってきていた。本や培ってきた方法など、持っている情報を極力公開します。
違う意見やもっとよい方法などください。
考え方はいろいろな分野に使えると思います。たくさんの方のアドバイスになれば幸いです。
日本の明るい未来のために「今がんばれる」ことをしたいです。

Management term

Extra edition 3 How to put perfume in business

Post author By pisen
Post date 2017-10-28
No Comments on Extra edition 3 How to put perfume in business

Extra edition 3 How to put perfume in business

When I hear it as perfume, I think that many people are hard to associate with business.
However, in terms of shaping the impression of a person, the smell becomes very important.
It can be said to men as well as men.

Because it is an important element, smell gives discomfort to some people if you make a mistake.
Here, I will explain how to put perfumes of each of men and women who are careful about them.

This time it will be how to put perfume in the business scene.

We are assuming general business situations to the last.
It depends on the workplace and environment.

Also, there are also my subjectivity so please give me a reference level and try out the method that suits me.

How to choose a suit is explained here .

How to choose leather shoes is explained here .

I would like to talk about the clock on another occasion.

The role of perfume in business scene

There is no culture which puts much perfume in Japan in business.
If it says either, the odorless one is preferred.

Depending on the race and old-fashioned cultural differences, a relatively large number of people overseas are wearing perfume in business as well.

I think that the impression of a person who makes an unpleasant smell even in business usually is not good.
I am strongly aware of the impression given to the opponent in business.
Therefore, the impression given to the partner also changes depending on the smell.

Let’s also care about the smell as much as possible.

As with a suit, women are more tolerant of business for fragrance.

I will attach the following awareness.

· Men: Smell a little good
· Women: Smell to give an impression good

Type of perfume

Type by concentration

Different types depending on concentration, “duration” will be different.
Although this is not necessarily the case, the “price” is also relatively different.

However, please note that it is not a difference in intensity of smell.

Name	Concentration[%]	Duration[h]	In order of low price
eau de Cologne(EDC)	2-5	1-2	1
eau de toilette(EDT)	5-10	3-4	2
eau de parfum(EDP)	10-15	5-6	3
parfum(P)	15-30	6-8	4

Types of scents

Basically any smells they dislike, or anything other than a strong odor is no problem.

A fragrance gives a complicated fragrance with various fragrances.
There are various kinds of fragrance, still new fragrance is still being made.

Therefore, although it can not be divided as a classification unconditionally, I will give five kinds this time as a difference in kind.

Floral scent

Soft scent like flowers.
It is characterized by a sweet smell like being in a flower garden.

Cypress scent

A scent like moss and tree.
It is calm and relaxing scent like a forest bath.

Herbal scent

A scent like fresh leaf.
It is a refreshing fragrance that does not remain after refreshing.

Citrus scent

A scent like citrus and fruit.
It is a fresh fruity refreshing scent.

Oriental scent

A scent like spices and trees.
It is a unique scent with the impression that the atmosphere of the Middle East and others emerges.

There are various depending on concentration and scent

Impression of fragrance

The scent remains in the impression.
As I said earlier, there is not any bad to put smell any good.

A certain degree of impression can be operated.

I would like to talk about it.

Impression of fragrance

I would like to explain the five kinds of impressions we said earlier.
However, this impression also varies from person to person.

The impression here is what most people think will have.
The picture is the scene of my scent image.

Floral scent
It gives the impression of kindness and softness.
Give a feminine impression.

Cypress scent
The elegant fragrance gives an impression that is rich.
It can be said to be a scent that fits formal scenes.

Herbal scent
It gives a natural atmosphere and a friendly impression.

Citrus scent
It gives light impression, freshness, young impression.
It also gives a sporty behavioral impression.

Oriental scent
It gives us sexyity and fascination.
It can be said that it is a fragrance to choose a place in business.

Impression changes with scent

Changes in impressions time

Perfumes are made by combining various perfumes.
Because it smells scent by evaporating, the way you smell changes according to the type of perfume you perform.

Most perfumes dare to make a difference scent on time course.
It’s for make fragrant for a long time and in order to leave a strong impression.

Some perfume makers also note changes in fragrance, so please take a look.

Top note (head note)
It is the scent which smells first at the beginning.
High volatile fragrance is relatively fragrant here.

There are relatively many kinds of citrus scen

Middle note (heart note)
It smells fragrant after 30 minutes to 3 hours.
It’s base of pafume smell.

Most perfumes are formulated for this fregrance part.

Base note (last note)
It smells fragrant after 3 hours (before scent disappears).
The fragrance with low volatility relatively smells here.
Oriental type, Cypress type etc.

Perfume changes scent over time

I talked about perfume briefly.
As various perfumes of the world have been introduced variously.
フォトグラフィー世界の香水: 神話になった65の名作

Where to put perfume

It changes the way the fragrance spreads depending on where you put the perfume.
And changes to the mild smell.

How to spread the scent

As perfume volatilizes the scent rises from the bottom to the top.

When put to the lower side, the smell is dispersed.
It makes to wrap around the whole body.

Because it expands the strength of the fragrance feels weak.

On the contrary if put to the upper side, it smells directly, the source of scent is clearly easy to see.
Moreover, the strength of the fragrance feels strong.

· Strong feeling order
Neck, shoulder, chest, arm (inside elbow), wrist, belly, thigh

Change in scent by location

By putting on a place where body temperature is high, perfume will be a mild and gentle impression.
It is due to volatility due to body temperature and the smell of sweat makes it mild.

· High temperature area
Neck rotation, inner side of elbow, wrist, back of knee, etc. Place where many blood vessels pass.

Even if it is a place where many blood vessels pass, let’s not put on a steamy part or a delicate zone.

It tends to lengthen perfuming time in places where body temperature is not high.
You can also put on clothes and handkerchiefs.

For clothes and clothes, let’s check whether it will become a spot.
When attaching directly to the skin, let’s check whether it will get rash.

Also, it’s better you put no hit light directly.

Perfumes may also contain phototoxic ingredients.

Where should I wear it in the end?

As I talked about a bit in the beginning, there are ways to impress male women in business, so I will talk about male females separately here.

· Men: Smell a little good
· Women: Smell to give an impression good

You make to fragrance an impression like this.

Therefore, how to put perfume in business is as follows.

・male
It smells a little good and puts on to the extent that it does not identify the fragrance part.

Where to put: belly or waist
Appendix: Clothes / handkerchief

・Female
The smell of women is relatively tolerant within the business.

Depending on the scene, let’s impress with scent directly.
In addition, because it scents directly, let’s put a mild, gentle scent on the place where the body temperature is as high as possible.

Where to put:Inside the neck, wrist or elbow
Appendix: Directly to the skin

It is OK. Only 1 and 2 pushed by spray type.
And be careful that you don’t put it any more.
Strong smell is not to feel good.

As I mentioned earlier, let’s check if it will become a spot when we apply it to clothes such as clothes.
When attaching directly to the skin do not get razed, let’s check that it does not hit the light directly.

Men put on the lower person (belly and waist). A woman puts on the upper person (neck, wrist).

Storage of perfume

Storage method

Let’s place bottle of perfume in “cool dark place” “place not exposed to sunlight”.
Of course, close the lid tightly.

Depending on the temperature and sunlight, the volatiles will change the flavor and ingredients will change and the fragrance will change.
Let’s save carefully.

How to carry
You can carry it around with atomizer etc.
Please note that preservation is worse than perfume container at the time of purchase, so it is not suitable for long term storage.

Expiration date

It is generally said to be unopened, three years from the year of manufacture, one year after opening.
However, there is no definite expiration date.

Depending on how it is handled, it will be further advanced or extended.

Categories
Management term

Extra edition 2 How to choose a shoes in business

Post author By pisen

Post date 2017-10-18

No Comments on Extra edition 2 How to choose a shoes in business

How to choose a shoes in business
Shoes are also one of important things in the clothes and sets of business scenes.

This time I would like to talk about how to choose leather shoes in the business scene and the contents related to them.

We are assuming general business situations to the last.
It depends on the workplace and environment.

I will talk about leather shoes in men’s business.

The way to choose a suit in the business scene is described here.

The way to put a perfume in the business scene is described here.

I would like to talk about watches on another occasion.
Fine, because the story gets longer. . .

The role of leather shoes in business scene

Inappropriate leather shoes are very prominent.
If you show casually carefully and carefully, you will have a better impression.

Leather shoes are a little troublesome to manage.
If you do it well, it will lead to confidence in yourself.

I think people who are successful in business are people who can “afford”, “confidence” and “service”.
I have not done much yet ,,,
Let’s take a step to lead to confidence.

How to choose leather shoes

I would like to talk about how to choose leather shoes in business.

I will explain with the flow below.

· Types of leather shoes
· Color of leather shoes
· Size of leather shoes

Types of leather shoes

Leather shoes in business will change depending on the shape depending on whether it is formal oriented or casual oriented.

The kind of leather shoes is fine, but I will talk about the following part.

· Shoe adjustment type
· Types of toes
· Types of shoe soles

· Shoe adjustment type
It will be the type of parts to adjust to fold on your feet when you wear shoes.
There are shoelace type (inner wing · outer wing), monk type, others (such as loafers).

shoelace type

It is the most formal in the kind of shoes.
Let’s use it in business

Shoelace type is divided into two types by the shape of the part to pass the shoelace.
It becomes inner wing and outer wing.

左が内羽根、右が外羽根

“Inner wing”:
The part to pass the string is sewn from the inside of the shoes.
It has a formal impression.

“Outer wing”:
The part that passes strings is sewn from the outside of the shoes.
It has a casual impression from the inner feathers.

Both leather shoes with shoelaces can be used in business.
Adjustment when tightening the shoelace is slightly wider for the outer wing.

monk type

Those that substitute cords with metal and belt become monk type.
Although it can be used depending on business situations, it will become casual, so basically avoid it in business situations.

others (such as loafers)

You can wear off easily with no strings.
Since it becomes casual here, let’s avoid it in the business scene.

· Types of toes
Next there are some kinds of toes.
There are straight tip, plain toes, wing tip and so on.

出典：www.jalansriwijaya.com
Straight tip from the left, plain toes, wing tip

Straight tip
The straight tip is a type that the joint is in a horizontal line at the toe portion.
It is the most formal type of toe.

plain toes
It will be what is not given anything to the tip of the toes.
It becomes formal next to the straight tip.

wing tip
It is a type that the tip of the toe is like W.
Mostly, it is decorated.

In the type of toe section, straight tip is the most formal.
Then it becomes a plain toe.

There are various types of leather shoes, depending on the type it is difficult to handle with business so let’s purchase the shoelace type first.

“Inner wing type of straight tip” is the most formal.
If you buy this type, there is no mistake in any business scene first.

· Types of shoe soles
Depending on the type of shoe sole, it will not be affected by the business scene, but because functionality is different, I will explain it.

出典：www.jalansriwijaya.com
Leather is leather sole, right is rubber sole.

“Leather sole”:
Because all leather, comfortable to wear gradually to familiarize your feet.
“Rubber sole”:
Because the bottom is rubber, it is highly durable against the rubbing of the road surface when walking and it is strong on wet surfaces.
Also, the hard rubber absorbs the uneven road surface, and the convex-concave surface is comfortable to walk

The following is my subjectivity, but I summarized it as a feature.

Leather sole Rubber sole

durability ○ ◎

fit ◎ ○

Bumpy road △ ◎

Cleat △ ◎

appearance ◎ ○

As a recommended place of use,

Leather sole: Many work in the room
Rubber sole: Many outdoor activities

“Inner wing type of straight tip” is the most formal.

As an example of what I explained, there are also leather shoes like this one. Please try it as a reference.
[ジャランスリウァヤ] ストレートチップ 98317 BLACK CALF LEA BLACK UK 7(25.5cm)

Shoe color

The color of shoes in business is “black”, “brown” only.

Other colors are not used in business.

The color of shoes in business is “black”, “brown”

Shoe size

Because it is shoes, I feel pain when walking if size does not fit.
Also, how to walk also goes wrong.

I will talk about the attention point of size.

・From one size small size, confirm
Let’s look at the size from the one size small size of the shoes you are always wearing.

When leather shoes are wearing, they become familiar with the feet.
Even if you select perfect fit (feeling tightness) leather will extend and fit your feet.

For that reason, please wear it as a standard based on the one size small shoes that you normally wear.

・Tie the shoes together with the heel
It is the same as wearing ordinary shoes.
When you put on your shoes, ties the string with the heel.

Let ‘s confirm other parts with this.

When I have a gap between my heel and my shoes, my shoes and legs will hurt while I walk.

・Heel does not float

Let’s walk if you put on your shoes.
Walking, does the heel not float? Is it too hard? please make sure.

If the heel part does not fit, it will cause a shoe scuff.

・The little finger’s base will fit
Please check whether the base of the little finger of the foot fits.

This part becomes the standard of the width of shoes.
In the case of ready-made goods, it depends on the manufacturer and the series of shoes.

Please change the size when feeling uncomfortable feeling and pain when walking.

・Fits the instep of the foot

Let’s touch shoes on the instep of the foot.

It becomes the part which becomes the support of the shoes when the feet are floating.
Let’s change if you can not adjust the shoelace part.

This part also differs depending on the manufacturer.

If the gap is too large, you will get tired and strange wrinkles and your shoes and legs will hurt.

After all we have to walk and do not know.
Leather shoes will stretch leather and fit your feet.

If you wear it yourself will change to your original pair .
Please find a pair of yourself.

I will wear shoes and check each part

Shoe care

Let’s maintain as a management of shoes.
Depending on the method of shoe polishing, it shines more than new.

I can not polish as beautifully as a shoe polish craftsman, and I can not say the technical thing of polishing, but I will explain the method of care.

Although it is not difficult, it will hurt if you do not care and it will look poor.
Let’s try it as much as possible.

Method of care

1.To remove dirt
I brush and drop it like mud.

Do not rinse directly with water.
Leather hurts.

Let’s remove it carefully with a firmly squeezed cloth.
In addition, it is better if you use a cleaner against dirt.

2.Immerse moisturizing cream

When color baldness stands out, I use colored moisturizing crease.

First, brushing the moisturizing cream and stretch it thinly and let it penetrate the leather.

Next I will polish with a non-fluffy cloth.
Drop extra moisturizing cream.

At this time, polish firmly so as not to scrape strongly.

Small dirt will emerge and take off.
To moisturize further, gloss comes out.

For the sake of clarity I tried to compare with colored leather products.
It is hard to understand, but fine dirt like the original color is also falling.

3.Finishing wax

When the moisturizing cream becomes familiar well and the hand becomes sticky, extend the finishing wax.

Let’s use a soft cloth with fine mesh as possible at this time.
Stretch thin with a weak force.

Let it extend to the whole, if the wax seems to dry out let’s extend again.

After stretching and drying, gloss will come out if you brush it gently.

I do not use dirty cleaners much, I firmly apply moisturizing cream.

Also, when polishing to remove dirt is used to cut old old underwear.
To stretch and polish the wax, I use old old underwear or old woman’s old pantyhose.
(It is useful as a disposable)

Take care of your shoes and make them last longer

Do you need a water repellent spray?

There is absolutely no necessity as long as you maintain regularly regularly.
Wax is useful for firm water repellency and dirt prevention.

However, I think that it is good to use a water repellent spray when you want to extend the interval of care or when you want to save time and labor.
It is easy for water repellent and dirt prevention easily.

Let’s spray at the end when using the timing to use.

There are silicon type and fluorine type, but let’s use fluorine type.
If it is a silicon type it will not escape to moisture and will steam and lead to damage to leather shoes.

It is unnecessary if you keep it. If you use fluorine type

What did you think.
It is easy, but it is how to choose shoes in business.
 

Categories
Management term

Extra edition 1 How to choose a suit in business

Post author By pisen

Post date 2017-10-13

No Comments on Extra edition 1 How to choose a suit in business

Extra edition 1 How to choose a suit in business

Recently I had the opportunity to meet new members of society and received consultation “Where to go for business clothes how to do” in the story.

This time I would like to talk about how to choose a suit in the business scene and the contents related to them.

We are assuming general business situations to the last.
It depends on the workplace and environment.

How to choose leather shoes is explained here .

The way to put a perfume in the business scene is described here.

I would like to talk about watches on different occasions.
Fine, because the story gets longer. . .

The role of a suit in a business scene

The role of the suit in the business scene is very big.
Simply put, battle clothing in society .

Especially when you do not know that the role of a suit in men knows how to dress largely depends on how it is handled.

People who are meeting regularly may not have much relationship with clothes, but the first time people meet will image the impression of the other person in the first 5 seconds.
Moreover, it is said that it takes more than 100 hours to reverse that image.

Therefore, the initial appearance is very important.
If you are wearing a suit in business in any usual way, you will be regarded as educated as a society .

This is common in the world.
Even if you are a foreigner, you can understand immediately if you have experienced as a social worker to a certain extent.

Even if you do not have experience with social workers, you can think that it is “a firm atmosphere.”

Even if I can start from tomorrow, I would like everyone to do what I learned from here, if possible.

How to choose a suit

As a way to choose a suit, I will talk about it in the following flow.

· Suit type
· Suit color
· Pattern of suit
· Suit size

Suit type

Every suit seems the same, but it is somewhat different.
Still no matter about the suit type, there is no problem.

Male
There are the following types as base.

· Style type
Style types include British style, Italian style, American style and so on.

Source：www.amazon.co.jp

From the left British style, Italian style, American style

Below is a list of simple differences.

Features British style Italian style American style

Shoulder making Shaped shape Gentle curve Gentle curve

V-zone shallow deepening deepening

Waist restriction Increase aperture position Lower aperture position Smaller aperture

button position increase lower lower

It will be decided by the manufacturer, but there are many Italian style in Japan.

· Button placement
Button arrangement has single suits and double suit.
A single suit is a suit whose buttons are arranged in one straight line.
Double suit is a suit with buttons in two rows.

It becomes as follows.
Single suit: standard in business
Double suit: giving a more formal impression, relatively many elderly in business scene

· number of buttons
There are two buttons, three buttons, four buttons or more buttons in the number of buttons.
* There is one button, but it is not used in business.

It becomes as follows.
Two buttons: current classic, young · behavioral impression
Three buttons: classic, classical, serious impression a long time ago
Four buttons or more: Not much in the business scene.

– Number of pieces
There are two pieces and three pieces in the number of pieces.

Source：www.amazon.co.jp

The difference is as follows.
2 piece: jacket, pants
3 piece: jacket, vest, pants

The best is added for 3 pieces.

Basically it will not only be a shirt in public in business.
You can expand the range of wearing methods by combining the best.

There are other types of collar (lapel) and vent (break of the butt portion), etc, but you will like it.
As it is almost irrelevant as a business scene, I will skip it.

If you are interested please check it.

In the case of men, any type listed here can be worn in the business scene.
A slight impression will change depending on industry type, workplace and environment.

If you can not select it absolutely, I painted the current general in Japan with yellow .
Please try it.

style type button arrangement button number piece number

British style Single suit Two Two pieces

Italian style double suit three three pieces

American style – 4 or more –

Women
The types of women’s suit vary widely.
Also, unlike men’s suits, there are many parts that are tolerant of how to dress in the business scene.
Conversely, It’s better to change how you dress depending on the situation .

– Difference in impression of skirt and pants
It becomes as follows.
· Skirt: femininity, intellectual impression
· Pants: impressions of active people

Let’s change it according to the image.
When purchasing 3 pieces of “jacket, skirt, pants” the range expands.

In the case of women, the range of how to dress is wide, so please take a look at the reference level.

The variety of suit is diverse. Regardless of type, there is no problem.

color of suit

Navy (Navy, Navy Blue), Gray (Gray)
I often see black (black) suits in job hunting, but basically they are not worn in business.

Source：www.amazon.co.jp

As an impression of color
Navy color: classic as a business, calm, sincere, intelligent impression
Gray: a gentle impression, a harmonious or elegant impression

Let’s change it according to occupation.

The color of the female business suits is relatively tolerant than men.
Basically it is gray and dark blue, but bright colors such as beige do not have any problem in places that produce glamor.

The color is dark blue, gray. Women are bright even in gorgeous sceneries OK

Pattern of suit

plain, striped
Basically the pattern of the suit in the business scene is plain, stripe only.

The type of stripe is irrelevant
Chalk stripe: stripe pattern as written in white chalk
Pin stripes: Striped stripe pattern with thin lines
Such

As an impression of color
Plain: Standard as a business
Stripe: youthful, stylish

Be careful when you stripe, let’s not make the handle itself conspicuous.
Avoid colored stripes themselves that are thick and as far as possible.

The pattern of the suit is plain, striped only. Stripe is to make the handle inconspicuous.

Suit size

If the size is too large with jacket or pants, vertical wrinkles come out, and if it is too small, side wrinkles will come out.

The size that you must pay special attention is below.
· Jacket
Male: Shoulder width, stomach, dress length
Women: shoulder width, chest, dress length

Both men and women, the most important in the jacket is the shoulder width.
If the shoulder width does not match, comfort wears and the silhouette is not good.

Next, it is difficult for lateral wrinkles to appear if men are hungry, women have a little room to be conscious of the size of the chest.

· Pants, skirts
Male waist, inseam
Women are waist, inseam

Let pants and skirts afford a little more than perfect, especially around the waist.

Attention points in dimension confirmation (appearance) in trying on are below.

Male

· Vertical wrinkle and side wrinkle do not appear
· A shirt from the collar is about 1 cm
· The shirt from the cuff is about 1 cm
· Length of about half hiding ass
– The length of the pants is about half cushion (length to touch the instep of the shoe)

Women

· Vertical wrinkle and side wrinkle do not appear
· Make shirts and blouses from cuffs invisible.
· Basic, Length enough for hips to be hidden half (Choose a location, but it is also possible in short length)
– The length of the pants is about half cushion (length to touch the instep of the shoe)
· When you want to appeal honesty such as job hunting, the skirt is about 5 cm above knee when you sit (about 5 cm below the knee) where the knee is hidden.
· When you want to appeal to femininity skirts are tight, you can emphasize your feet if you make your knees ~ a little above your knees.

Avoid vertical wrinkles and sideways wrinkles. Slight differences in the size of the suit in men and women

I am talking about suit in the business, but I think that there are opportunities to meet business partners, bosses and colleagues at the time of vacation.

Even so, it becomes a book in which how to dress uniforms that are at first glance is written.
Please also refer to this.
ホントに誰でもすぐできる！はずさない男の私服コーデ術（１）会社でのBBQなどの野外イベント編

How to choose a shirt

As a way to choose shirts, I will talk about it in the following flow.

· Type of shirt
· Shirt color
· Shirt pattern
· Shirt size

About shirt
Please listen here for shirts as men shirt, women as shirt or blouse.

Shirts are the same as underwear.
Originally pocket is not attached, and there is no short sleeve.

For that reason, when you go out to people you should wear basically a jacket even when it is hot.

Shirt type

There are no shirts other than long sleeves in business.
I wrote down notes on shirts by other gender.

Male
In the case of men, collar (color) has a little attention besides long sleeves.

· Stop shirt with button on collar (button down shirt).
· Choose semi-wide color or wide color

In the case of button-down shirts, how to dress is difficult and the casual impression becomes stronger due to the length of the collar.

By putting semi-wide color and wide color, you can fit the collar to the jacket and the best.
The one who put the collar’s tip looks beautiful in dress.
However, let’s stop it because it becomes a casual impression if it is a horizontally oriented color with a wider angle.

Women
In the case of women, there are shirts and blouses, but please distinguish them properly.

· Shirt: Formal
· Blouse: casual than shirt

Choose a long sleeve shirt. Women use shirts and blouses differently.

Color of shirt

Except for white or light light blue, it is not suitable for business.

As I said in “About shirts”, it is similar to underwear.

Give impression of purity, innocence, cleanliness .
If it is dirty it stands out, let’s keep it clean.

The color of the shirt is white or light blue color

shirt pattern

Let’s not stand out.
If it is inconspicuous, there is no particular problem.

Therefore, if it is a pattern of the same color as the shirt, there is no problem.

Stop prominent patterns. If you want to put a handle the same color

Shirt size

Like the jacket, select vertical size wrinkle, horizontal wrinkle less likely size.
Also adjust the amount that comes out from the cuffs according to the jacket.

Male
· Vertical wrinkle and side wrinkle are difficult to appear size
· The neckline contains about 2 fingers
· A shirt from the cuff of the jacket is about 1 cm
· The back side of the shirt chooses longer (degree to reach the bottom side of the butt)

Women
· Vertical wrinkle and side wrinkle are difficult to appear size
· Make shirts and blouses not visible from cuffs of jacket
· The back side of the shirt chooses longer (degree to reach the bottom side of the butt)

Longer behind the shirt is to keep the shirt from coming back when sitting.

Similarly to the jacket, select vertical size wrinkle and side wrinkle less size

How to choose a tie

I will only talk about men, but since the tie is also important, I would like to explain.

As a way to choose a tie, I will talk about it in the following flow.

· Size of necktie
· Color of necktie
· A handle of a tie

About ties
The necktie symbolizes personality, and the impression transmitted to the opponent changes slightly depending on the color and pattern of the tie.
That is because colors and impressions overlap as many people come in contact with colors in their lives.

Therefore, the tie is like a meter representing the state of that person outside .

Let’s replace it in the situation, the environment, the position.

Tie size

Tie the necktie from the dimensions of the jacket

The left shows the width of the lower collar (lapel) of the jacket and the right shows the width of the thick tie (big sword).

Let’s wear the width of the necktie (big sword) width close to the width of the jacket’s lower collar (lapel).

This tie matched tie is well balanced with the jacket and you can see it firmly.
When purchasing a necktie, consider purchasing it as much as possible.

Attach a tie to the belt so that it strikes the belt

You can balance it if you attach a tie to the belt.
Although it will be slightly different depending on the length of the necktie, please use it as a guide.

Width close to the lapel of the jacket, attaching the tip so as to be attached to the belt

color of necktie

A tie can purchase a variety of colors.

Among them, there is a better color that you had in business first.
It is “blue type” and “red type”.

それぞれ最低１本ずつ持ってください。

Blue series: calm, intelligence
Red Series: Passion, Leadership,

Therefore, the blue series can be seen in a scene to explain business or calm.
Red type is used in scenes that explain with leadership or passion.

I compiled the impression of color in Japan.

color system impression Usage example

Blue Calmness / Intelligence Scene showing business · coolness

red passionate, active, leadership scenes to be heated

Pink color Soft / lovely / gentle Scene where you want to emphasize kindness

Orange Freedom, warmth, wisdom Scenes showing a position not captured

Yellow Happiness, lightness, casual scene to be amended

green Nature · peace · cooperation scene to mediate / neutral

purple elegance / mystery scene to claim elegance

The way colors are captured also varies from country to country, but basically blue and red can be used with the same impression.
If you do not understand how to catch color when visiting abroad, let’s use blue series and red series.

Of course, we do not use black · white with a necktie in business scene.

Change the impression given to your opponent by color-coordinating the necktie

Pattern of a necktie

There are solid color, stripes, small pattern (Paisley).
Basically, other patterns are difficult to handle in business, so let’s avoid it.

solid color

Source：www.fairfax-collective.com
どんな場でも使用できる万能な柄です。
色の印象を最も強く出します。

Stripe
There are British type and American style in the stripe.

$ストライプにはブリティシュ型とアメリカ型があります。“/”の形がブリティシュ型、”\”の形がアメリカ型と呼ばれます。日本ではブリティシュ型が多いです。$
Source(right)：www.fairfax-collective.com

The shape of “/” on the left is called British type, the form of “\” on the right is called American type.

There are many British type in Japan.
Stripes do not have a formal impression.

The way to catch patterns changes depending on the country.
Also, in Europe, it is not preferred because it used a stripe wide tie as belonging.

· Komon (Paisley)

Source：www.fairfax-collective.com

A pattern from a dot to a small circle.
Small prints are arranged at equal intervals, and large circles (about 5 mm or larger) patterns are not called small prints (paisley).

I tried put together the impression of the pattern.

pattern impression

plain Formal, strongly impresses color impression

stripe youthfulness, momentum

Komon pattern Formal, sincere, serious

The combination of color and pattern determines the impression given to the opponent.

The handle changes the impression that is supplementally given to the opponent in combination with the color

Manners are also important in business as an impression given to the opponent.
The following books are easy to understand as one book. Please try it if you do not mind.
入社1年目ビジネスマナーの教科書

What do I do after all?

Is the suit ready made? Order item?

Suits that are not of size will be out of the question no matter how to dress.
There is no particular attention on the body shape matched to the ready-made suit, if there are favorite suit makers, there is no problem at all there.

Think of the order suit for the following people.

· It is troublesome to find the size of the suit
· I do not have a suit of my choice
· Strong commitment to suits
· I want a suit by purpose

There are the following ways according to the way of making an order suit.
Because none is called an order suit, there is no rule on how to divide.

How to make this is not this street, but I will briefly explain.
· Pattern order

1. Suit selection
2.Measurement
3. Adjustment / completion

It is a method of choosing a suit of a size close and adjusting it partly.

Semi-order

1. Size measurement
2. Selection of paper pattern
3. Adjustment / completion

How to measure and combine sizes from several patterns.

· Full order

1. Size measurement
2. Pattern making
3. Preliminary sewing
4. Adjustment / completion

How to make a suit by raising a pattern, fine-adjusting the size by temporary sewing

I compiled the big difference making easily easily (an example)

pattern order semi order full order

price 1 – 50 thousand 4 – 200 thousand 20 – 400 thousand

Delivery time 2-4 weeks 4-6 weeks 4-8 weeks

Features Fixed base Partially clinged Fabric etc.

Because I am big, I could not find any suitable suit with ready-made items.
Even if found, there was not much attention to the fabric of the suit.

Therefore, I am making it an order suit right now.
Of course I have ready-made suit, but motivation when wearing and wearing is different.

I think that it is not easy to get a perfect suit with an order suit as well.
However, once you create an order you will find yourself in the next making.

Also, I think that knowledge of good things will accumulate.

Let’s wear a suit with size. Both ready-made goods and orders OK

How to dress suit · shirt

Manners in suit / shirt

Male
· Remove the bottom of the button
· Pocket lid (flap) all unified
If you can, we will have outdoor, we will put indoor
· Socks black socks
Let’s make the bare feet invisible when you bend your knees.

Women
· It is basic to have 1 or 2 buttons on blouse.
But even if I stop all it OK

This is not everything.
Manner will change depending on the place and circumstances.

Let’s understand each other and try to keep in mind.

The manner of manners change depending on places and circumstances.

Suit Accessory

By wearing accessories, impression is given that work and life are affordable in a good sense.

However, as a precaution, accessories in business are not emphasized as much as possible, but since it is not noticeable, it is the basis that makes it casually visible.

Male
The only things that can be worn as accessories visible from the outside in business are the following.
·Necktie pin
·Cufflinks button
·clock
·(wedding ring)
Women
Wearing type is abundant than men.
Therefore, I think that it is necessary to change the wearing type according to the place.

·Earrings
·necklace
·clock
·ring
·bracelet
Such

As I mentioned earlier, let’s basically use a type that is inconspicuous.
For earrings etc., let’s stop hanging type and big type.

Impression that accessories are affordable with good meaning. However, wearing inconspicuous items

Although the length has increased, the role of the suit in business is great.
I told you the first time, but it is said that it is 100 hours to correct the appearance impression when you first fit.

I hope everyone can start with a good impression from the beginning.
I am fortunate if I could help everyone.
 

Categories
Software description

Exchange Divide Outline and Operation explanation

Post author By pisen

Post date 2017-10-09

No Comments on Exchange Divide Outline and Operation explanation

About Exchange Divide

Exchange Divide made it so that you can calculate equally equally when you want to split the bill.

Below you can also use like this.

· When you want to split by non-yen
· When you want to split between different currencies
· Exchange simple to convert between currencies

The following is the place to get the application.

App store：Exchange Division

· As a development history
When I went abroad with a souvenir requested by several overseas workers, I had a request to pay in local currency.
At that time, changing from the yen to the local currency was very difficult.

I thought that I wanted to be able to easily adjust and adjust (digit adjustment of split) so that a fine amount would not come out.

I hope you can use it in various situations.

Exchange Divide Overview

It will easily calculate the amount of cash and the remaining amount.
Also, we adjusted the amount of split parts by adjusting digits.
You can calculate different currencies depending on the rate.

Outline drawing

Outline drawing of Exchange Divide

Each function is as follows.

Calculate amount of bill

· Display of the amount of money for divide
· Remaining amount display

Digit adjustment of the amount of divide money

· Also adjust the digits for divide money
You can adjust the number of digits of the display result of divide money with one touch.

Digits that are less than the corresponding digit number will be truncated.
That amount of money is added to the remaining amount.

Exchange rate acquisition and currency calculation

· Automatically acquires Japanese yen, US dollar, euro, pound exchange rate
When you launch the application, we will automatically acquire the exchange rate at that time.
· Calculation between Japanese yen, US dollar, euro, pound
You can calculate split orders not only between the same currencies but also between different currencies.

Language switching

・Japanese
・English

In use
When using, please operate in a place with good radio waves.
PlaceOn don’t have responsibility for any disadvantage arises by the user in this application.

Also, the exchange rate will be updated at the launch of the application.
 Exchange rate is for reference only.

Operation explanation of Exchange Divide

1-1．Usage confirmation screen

When using the application for the first time it will be displayed as use confirmation before use.
Notes on use are stated.

If you can agree, please press “Agree” button.
We will move on to the calculation screen.

Once “Agree” is done, the calculation screen will be displayed immediately after the application launch after the next time.

1-2．Calculation screen (main screen)

This screen is the main screen of Exchange Divide.

①Conversion currency selection
As currencies you can handle Japanese yen, US dollar, euro, pounds.

After tap “Done” to complete selection.

The following selections are possible.

Selected befor after

JPY→JPY Japanese yen Japanese yen

JPY→USD Japanese yen US dollar

JPY→EUR Japanese yen euro

JPY→GPB Japanese yen pounds

USD→JPY US dollar Japanese yen

USD→USD US dollar US dollar

USD→EUR US dollar euro

USD→GPB US dollar pounds

EUR→JPY euro Japanese yen

EUR→USD euro US dollar

EUR→EUR euro euro

EUR→GPB euro pounds

GPB→JPY pounds Japanese yen

GPB→USD pounds US dollar

GPB→EUR pounds euro

GPB→GPB pounds pounds

②Exchange Rate
When “① Conversion currency selection” is executed, the conversion rate when calculating automatically is displayed.
If the same subdivision currency and post-split currency are the same, the rate is 1.0.

If you want to update the rate to the latest, please restart this application.
Exchange rate is for reference only.

③Total(Want to divide) Input
Please enter the amount you want to divide.
When selected, the numerical value input pad appears.

Please enter a numerical value.
For input completion, please tap “Done” of the numeric input pad.

④Count To Divide(Division number) selection
Please select Count To Divide(Division number).
You can select a number from 1 to 30.

After tap “Done” to complete selection.

⑤Unit(digit) selection
Set the digit of the amount after divided.

Digits that are less than the number of digits selected will be truncated.
That amount of money is added to the remaining amount.

The selection display changes as follows depending on selected currency.

Currency after divide unit1 unit2 unit3 unit4

Japanese yen：JPY ¥1 ¥10 ¥100 ¥1000

US dollar：USD $0.01 $0.1 $1 $10

euro：EUR €0.01 €0.1 €1 €10

pounds：GPB £0.01 £0.1 £1 £10

⑥Divided Amount
Division calculation is performed for “Total”,”Exchange Rate”,”Unit”,”Count To Divide”.

The calculation is as follows.
（Total　/　Count To Divide）/ Exchange Rate

Number of digits to be displayed: Not less than the unit of division (rounded down to the digit unit)

⑦Remaining Amount
Display the remaining amount after calculation for “Total”,”Divided Amount”.

The calculation is as follows.
（Total　/ Exchange Rate）-（Divided Amount * Count To Divide）

⑧Result transfer button
You can transfer the calculation result to the application which is included in the mobile terminal you are using such as e-mail.

· When e-mail is selected as the forwarding destination

Simply by entering the address and subject, you can send the result contents.

· When LINE application is selected as forwarding destination

Simply select the talk destination and the result will be displayed in LINE.

⑨Setting screen switching button
Tap the button to move to the setting screen.

For details of the setting screen, see “1-3. Setting screen”.

1-3．Setting screen

The screen here becomes the setting screen of Exchange Divide.

①Language switching button
Tap this toggle button to switch between Japanese and English.

Display
・Japanese
・English

②”How To Use” link button
By tapping the letters of “How To Use” Safari will be launched and this explanation site opens.

When English is selected with the language change button, it will be in English explanation.

③Exchange Divide
By tapping the letter “Exchange Divide”, we will move on to the calculation screen (main screen).

Troubleshooting of Exchange Divide

It’s troubleshooting of Exchange Divide.
If you feel something is wrong with this application, please check once.

2-1．The application suddenly shutdown

2-1-1．The application suddenly shutdown when currency is selected
It will be the case when the application suddenly shutdown when you select “Conversion currency selection”.

The exchange rate has not been acquired.
Please start up the application again in a place with good radio waves.

2-2．Contact Us

· Bug that is not posted in troubleshooting
· Consultation about the application
Please contact us from here if you have any other opinions or requests, etc.

Categories
Electrical and electrical / electronic design

Electric design 3 How to select power supply and circuit breaker unexpectedly not known

Post author By pisen

Post date 2017-07-30

No Comments on Electric design 3 How to select power supply and circuit breaker unexpectedly not known

Do not know as it is known, how to select power supply and circuit breaker

Selection of power supply is the foundation of equipment and equipment.
Depending on this selection, the countries, areas of use, and methods of use are largely restricted.
Therefore, let’s think first.
The power supply here is a low voltage (AC 1000 V or less) talk.
Especially it is the selection method for equipment and equipment.

I would like to talk about power selection (AC) and selection of circuit breakers.

Power Supply Selection

First of all I would like to select the power supply.
We will select power supply for equipment and equipment as we select power supply.
There is a necessity of choosing the power source mainly depending on the place, type and usage to use
.
Flow in power selection

1. Voltage check mainly for areas to be used
2. Power supply stability
3. Selection of commercial voltage (single phase, three phase) to be used
4. Selection of equipment to be used

Depending on the equipment used, 3 and 4 may be reversed.
If you want to use it in various areas, if the power supply and the used power supply which are absolutely supplied as applications are different, you can also change it with a transformer etc, so please take it into consideration.

Verify the voltage of the area mainly used

This is not the case when the power supply is other than the commercial power supply, but check the voltage of the main use area of equipment and equipment to be designed from now.

The table below shows typical commercial power supply voltage.
However, voltages other than this table may be available.
Please use it for reference level.

Regional Commercial Supply Voltage (AC)

Region Household (single phase) Industrial (three phase) frequency

Japan 100 V 200 V 50/60 Hz

America 115 V 230 V 60 Hz

UK 230 V 400 V 50 Hz

Germany 230 V 400 V 50 Hz

China 220 V 380 V 50 Hz

India 220 V 380 V 50 Hz

Thai 230 V 400 V 50 Hz

Australia 240 V 415 V 50 Hz

Commercial voltage and frequency vary depending on the area.
Let’s check the supplied power supply of the area to be used and design it.
Also, if you are considering power generation from self-power generation or batteries, let’s check the power specifications there.

Voltage and frequency are different depending on the area. Confirm specification of power supply side

Power supply stability

Japan maintains a very good power supply stability.
However, there are many places where power supply stability is not good depending on the region.
As far as know, there is also a region that once the entire region in a few months may become a sudden power outage.

It also causes shortening of the life of the equipment.
Let’s got the information by the measurement and interviews to local people in the case of anxiety.

Voltage fluctuation rate
· Utilization rate of power supply

In some cases it is necessary to consider the following introductions and protect facilities and equipment.
Fluctuation of · voltage ⇨ AC stabilized power supply
· power supply interruption ⇨ uninterruptible power supply (UPS), etc.

There is a difference in stable power supply depending on the region

Selection of commercial voltage (single phase, three phase) to be used

Once you have grasped the power supply voltage of the country you mainly use, decide the commercial voltage to be used next.
This way of deciding how to use equipment and equipment and power consumption will also be decided.

It is characterized by industrial (3 phases) and household (single phase) respectively.
The following is a guide for each feature. Please put it in one corner.

Industrial (three-phase)

· Power efficiency is good (loss is small)
· The electricity price per unit is cheaper compared with home use (single phase)
· Large power can be used
· Use three-phase equipment
· Cable can be thinned
(Even with the same power consumption, the current can be reduced because the voltage is large)

Household (single phase)

· Do not have to dedicate electric contract
· Equipment can select household (single phase) power supply voltage
· Small and often moving like a tabletop machine
· Do not use in the factory, but use it in a general residence
· Do not use large electric power (usage current 15 A or less)
· Use DC power supply as equipment power supply, use only DC power supply
· No wiring work is necessary when connecting the power supply (when using the power plug)
· Consider safety

In addition, general current that can be used as home features is maximum 15 A
In Japan, 1500 W is the maximum output (1200 W for most products including safety factor) because it is 100 V.
In the United States, 1725 W (1400 W including safety factor) will be the maximum output.

As a supplement (home plug shape)
The shape of the power plug is as follows.
Please check the details of the corresponding area etc from the quoted place.

Aタイプ Bタイプ Cタイプ B3タイプ BFタイプ SEタイプ Oタイプ

TravelersCafeWorldGallery:Quote from overseas outlet / plug shape and list of voltage types

When using electricity charges or large electric power, for industrial use (three phases). When emphasis on usability select home use (single phase)

Selection of equipment to be used

It is necessary to select the power supply voltage of equipment used for equipment and equipment.
As a rough selection, we divided into industrial (three-phase), household (single phase) and power type, but I will check the equipment to see if it matches the voltage to be used.

Especially when special power supply is required or only specific power supply is necessary etc.

Required confirmation for device selection

· Check available power supply
· Check whether there is a change due to frequency
· Check if there is an alternative item to be applied to the power supply
· Confirmation of power consumption and total power consumption

If it is inevitable usable power supply does not match, it is necessary to redo “select commercial voltage (single phase, 3 phase) to use” again or change the power supply by transformer etc etc.

Confirm whether special and specific power supply is necessary for use equipment

This time I talked about AC (AC) mainly as a commercial power supply, but it is the same also in direct current.
The way of thinking after converting it to direct current in equipment is also the same.

Next I will talk about circuit breaker.
The following books will be helpful too, so please take a look if you are interested.
選び方・使い方遮断器・開閉器

About circuit breakers

Next, I would like to talk about selection of circuit breaker.
A circuit breaker (commonly called a breaker) is an important device to draw from the power supply to equipment and equipment.

It is incorporated in the equipment itself, attached to the power board, and is used in various places and distribution plants in the home.
Selection of the wire to be connected must be larger than the capacity of the circuit breaker.

I would like to select the electric wire itself next time.

Purpose of breaker

There is a fuse in what works like a circuit breaker.
There are several purposes and the following functions are incorporated.

Breaker objective

· Circuit opening and closing
· Prevention of burnout of electric wire
· Prevent device failure
· Safety consideration to the human body

I described the circuit breaker for the purpose as the type of the corresponding circuit breaker.
Please consider it as a guide as it differs somewhat depending on selection and usage.

Corresponding Circuit Type
· Circuit opening / closing
Switch
Safety breaker (wiring breaker)
Electromagnetic contactor
Electromagnetic switchgear (electromagnetic contactor + thermal relay)
Earth leakage breaker (earth leakage breaker)
Circuit protector (AC, DC)

• Prevent burnout of wire
Fuse (temperature, current)
Safety breaker (wiring breaker)
Earth leakage breaker (earth leakage breaker)
Electromagnetic switchgear (electromagnetic contactor + thermal relay)
Circuit protector (AC, DC)

· Device malfunction prevention
Circuit protector (AC, DC)

· Safety consideration to human body
Earth leakage breaker (earth leakage breaker)

In addition to circuit breakers, there are many ones that have similar protective functions on the equipment itself.
For example, protection circuit such as hiccup of switching power supply is one of them.

Use circuit breaker according to purpose

Selection of circuit breaker

I will talk about the type of circuit breaker briefly explained earlier.
Among them, I mentioned the points to consider when selecting.

Examples of circuit breakers in distribution boards

Safety breaker (wiring breaker)

It is a general circuit breaker like switchgear + fuse that can be used many times .
It is common to install instead of the switch.

There are the following concepts of selection.
Selection of Safety Breaker (Circuit Breaker)

· I want to open and close circuits as main circuit and branch circuit
· I want to prevent burnout of electric wire
· The withstand current capacity of the wire is lowered
· I want to recover earlier than fuse

operation time
Even if it exceeds the rated value (display value) it does not fall immediately (does not trip)
There are the following provisions.

Rated current Operating time

1.25 times the rated current twice the rated current

30 A or less 60 min or less 2 min or less

30 A – 50 A 60 min or less 4 min or less

50 A ~ 100 A 120 min or less 6 min or less

Even if the rated current is exceeded, it does not operate immediately.
Therefore, please select it taking into consideration the current to be used and the safety factor of the electric wire used.

Safety breaker is “switchgear + fuse that can be used many times”

About earth leakage breaker (Earth leakage circuit breaker)

The earth leakage breaker (earth leakage circuit breaker) is like “wiring breaker + ground fault monitor” .

Electric shock by earth fault (leakage) and function to prevent fire are attached.
To prevent electric shock from a ground fault (earth leakage), earth (ground) is common, but it is used in combination.

It is about the installation standard of earth leakage circuit breaker in case of Japan.
※ The contents of this section are approximate. Because there is possibility of revision,「電気設備の技術基準の解釈の解説」

Selection of earth leakage breaker (earth leakage breaker)

· Use in a wet place
· Fire prohibited place such as pyrotechnic cabinet etc
· There is no mechanism for automatically shutting off when a ground fault is detected
· Place omitted for earth (ground)
As an exception
· Use the equipment at power stations, substations, etc.
· Use in a dry place
· Use it at 150 V or less in places other than moisture
· The equipment is covered with rubber, synthetic resin or other insulation
· Contact protective measures (measures not touched easily) have been done
· Earth (earth) resistance of C · D type grounding work is 3 Ω or less

The circuit is shut off by the current (sensitivity current) at the time of leakage.
As another method of classification, classify according to the operation time (time to shut off).

Type of sensitivity current
(Leakage current due to leakage current)
· High sensitivity type 30 mA or less
· Medium sensitivity type 1000 mA or less

Type of response speed (time until operation)

type (shape) operation time corresponding function

High speed type Within 0.1 s Electric shock prevention

time delay within 2 s burnout prevention

Infinite time form Within 0.3 s, depending on sensitivity current Burnout prevention

Sensitivity current of less than 15 mA, response speed less than 0.1 s is selected for earth leakage circuit breaker at earth omitted (300 V or less)

As a rough guide of the selection method in the function, it is as follows.

Sensitivity current Operating speed Earth (ground) Corresponding function

~ 15 mA Within 0.1 s No ground, C / D type ground Electric shock prevention

~ 15 mA Over 0.1 s C · D grounding Fire prevention

16 mA to 500 mA Within 0.1 s C · D grounding Electric shock prevention

16 mA ~ 500 mA 0.1 s over C · D grounding fire prevention

501 mA ~ Within 0.1 s C / D grounding Fire prevention

501 mA ~ 0.1 s over C · D grounding fire prevention

There are standards for setting earth leakage breakers in Japan. It is necessary when monitoring earth faults.

About electromagnetic contactor and electromagnetic switch

Basically both are mainly used when connected to a motor or an electric heater.
It can control opening / closing of the circuit itself, also called magnetic switch from the feature.

The relationship between the electromagnetic contactor and the electromagnetic switch is as follows.
Electromagnetic switch = electromagnetic contactor + thermal relay

·thermal relay
Monitor the wire temperature to shut off the circuit by overload or short circuit.

electromagnetic contactor selection

· I want to control the opening and closing of the circuit (remote)
· No load fluctuation

Selection of electromagnetic switch (electromagnetic contactor + thermal relay)

· I want to control the opening and closing of the circuit (remote)
· Use a motor or an electric heater (there is load fluctuation)
· I want to shut down the circuit by overload or short circuit
(Monitor electric wire temperature)

important point
· Setting of thermal relay
At the start of the motor, a large current (about 7 times the rating) flows for several seconds.
Depending on the setting, malfunction may occur at startup.
Let’s check the characteristic curve and adjust it at about 120% overload.

· Consideration of surge absorption
If you are using a large motor (large inductive load), the counter electromotive voltage will occur when opening the circuit.
This will markedly reduce the durability of the switch.
Therefore, it is necessary to suppress the counter electromotive force with a surge absorbing varistor or the like.

Especially when you want to control opening / closing of the circuit (remote)

Circuit protector

It is a circuit breaker made on the premise of protection of the control circuit of the electronic circuit and the load, load.
It becomes a circuit breaker whose operation until shutdown is fast.

Selection of circuit protector

· Control circuit, I want to protect the load
· I want to block low capacity
· I also want to shut off the DC (DC) circuit
· Just a good rated current can not be found
(The rated current lineup is fine)
· I want to protect the secondary side wiring

Circuit breaker made on the premise of load protection

Household circuit breaker

Of course we also use circuit breakers in the home.
· Examples of distribution boards for household use (earth leakage circuit breaker, wiring breaker)

Normally, I think that the circuit breakers for households are configured as follows.

Ampere breaker (breaker with contract current value)
↓
Earth leakage circuit breaker (breaker with leakage test button)
↓
Circuit breaker (small breaker around)

I would like to explain how to deal with each breaker fault.
Anyone can recover if you cope without hurting.

Also, I have listed the possible factors, so please check as preventing recurrence.

If the ampere breaker has failed (tripped)

(Breaker with contract current value written)
Total electricity consumption in home exceeds contract value.

Let’s make the following correspondence.

1. Identify where you are using high power
2. Do not use devices that use large electric power at the same time
3. Stagger the timing of using devices that use large power

Power used exceeds contract value

If the earth leakage circuit breaker fails (trips)

(Breaker with leakage test button)
There is a possibility of electric leakage somewhere.
Try not to turn it on until you can check it.

If safety inside the house is confirmed, let’s correspond in the following order.

1. Turn off all wiring breakers
2. Turn on earth leakage circuit breaker
(At the time of a trip, the lever is temporarily stopped at the intermediate position, so OFF → ON once)
3. Turn on the circuit breaker one by one
4. When the earth leakage circuit breaker turns OFF again, check the corresponding position of the circuit breaker in the OFF state

There is a possibility that electric leakage is occurring somewhere

Circuit breaker failed (tripped)

It consumes a lot of electricity in part.
Usually, because the interrupter for wiring in the home is 15 A, if you use 3000 W under one circuit breaker it will fall within 2 minutes.

Let’s make the following correspondence.

1. Do you use instruments simultaneously with octopus foot wiring
2. Do not use large power at the same outlet, nearby outlet
3. If you really want to use a large amount of electricity, have an additional circuit created

Although it is not recommended, in the case of using for a short time, the following can be done due to the characteristics.
· Use slightly beyond 1500 W
· Use about 3000 W for about 1 minute

I use a lot of electricity at the same outlet

 

Categories
Management term

Management8 Noise of intention in decision

Post author By pisen

Post date 2017-05-07

No Comments on Management8 Noise of intention in decision

Noise of intention in decision
It is a way to raise the quality of work as well as the product quality because it is the intention variation in the decision.
Let’s lead to business improvement and lead to profits.

What is variation?

The way of thinking of dispersion is important in considering quality as well as bias.
We will be involved in many things such as business efficiency improvement, business quality, business strategy, product image.

Variations in product manufacturing are very important items.
The way of thinking of variation in product manufacturing is detailed in this page.
“Variance and process capability”

What is variation in decision

Variation is “noise, difference between measurements”.
Especially in the case of this “decision making intention” it becomes a difference of way of thinking.
Actually there is something close to consistency thought.

As a result, this way of thinking will vary depending on time and individual.

Have not you felt like this in the company?

· Different projects with the same decisions
· Opinions differ depending on professionals
· Your boss’s decision is different each time (not stable)

It can be said that the variation of the way of thinking appears large.
It can be said that noise is great.

Differences in thinking, it comes out by time and individual

Should we manage the variation?

Should I actually manage that bias?

The idea here is exactly the same as intention bias in decision .

Let’s think about things at factories and other production sites.
Variation and Process Capability But we are talking in detail, but the product has variability / bias It is important to secure quality considering that.
As a result, there are standards in products, which will be passed to the world and the quality will be kept.

The way of variation as a natural phenomenon is represented by a normal distribution.
The deviation and variation of product manufacturing are as shown in the figure below.

The curve in blue is the ideal target distribution, the curve in red is a distribution with large variation, the curve in brown color is in distribution with bias.

We will adjust it to approach the ideal target distribution.
This reduces reworking and disposal and improves profitability.

Exactly the same thing can be said in other work.
Manufacturers · factories say that this is the only way to secure quality and efficiency, but the business itself does not say much.

If you think that the object is central to the center, the ideal distribution in other tasks, the distribution with large dispersion, and the distribution with bias are as follows.

Depending on the work, there are few visible parts that are actually visible, and it is difficult to judge whether the quality is bad or bad.
However, it becomes very useful for the company by managing it.

Since the dispersion is a state of noise / difference distribution, it is necessary to modify as follows.

Efficiency improvement of work · Management is necessary for business quality assurance

The following book also details the way of thinking about business improvement in detail.
Please try it.
6ステップで職場が変わる！業務改善ハンドブック

Types of variations in thinking

As I mentioned earlier, the variation is “noise / difference”.
There are several kinds of “noise / difference” in the way of thinking.

Variation with time

It will be a variation of ideas related to time.
The decision content for the same case also happens when the decision content differs if the time differs.

Although this is not the limit, I posted it as an example.

· Change in mood of person in charge
· Changes in attributes of the previous judgment material
· Change in will ability

· Changing mood of person in charge
Judgments and decisions are human.
Because it is a human being, it tends to change to decided contents due to the change of mood.

· When it’s fun → easily judge projects
· When you are angry → Judge relatively projects strictly

It may change like like.

· Changes in attributes of the previous judgment material
Differences will arise if the judgment remains unclear among the personnel responsible for the material whose judgment changes over time (change in amount of change and material itself).

· Changes in will ability
Although I mentioned during biasing, the ability to judge things firmly “Will power” will be exhausted in the same way as physical strength.

Because its will will be exhausted, it will be relatively accurate even if you make difficult judgments after waking up (usually in the morning if you work).
On the contrary, in the case of exhaustion (usually after work in the afternoon if you work) it is easy to make mistakes in your judgment.

“Variance” that occurs as judgment contents change with time

Individual variation

It becomes a variation of the way of thinking concerned among individuals.
It is a case that the decision content differs for people who are different for the same matter.

Here as well, this is not the limit, but I posted it as an example.

· Characteristics of person in charge
· Difference in judgment materials
· Difference in judgment method

– Character of person in charge
Even with the character of the person in charge, there are variations from case to case.

Compared with others
· Decision content is sweet → Easy judgment of projects
· Careful judgment → Judge relatively projects strictly

· Difference in judgment materials
Because judgment materials are different for each individual, judgment varies and variations in intention arise.

· Difference in judgment materials
· Grouping and segment differences
· Difference of each element

Accuracy and variation are born by the difference.
In order to approximate this to an ideal distribution,

· Difference in judgment method
The judgment differs depending on the individual judgment method, which causes variations in intention.
· Difference in priority
· Evaluation method
Work procedure

“Variance” that occurs when judgment contents change for individuals

Case of intention variation

There are no cases related directly to variation within the business.
Unlike bias, it is often caused by not only top judgment but also accumulation of fine parts.

First, I will introduce examples of intention variability as exercise.
The other one can not be said to involve variations in intention, but introduces examples in business that could be improved by modifying thinking and view.

Example of intention variation

As an example it will be the choice for the following situation.

Now you are looking for a job place.
Both You will be a company of industry and occupation you want to take.
The number and scale of employees are the same.

Which of the following companies would you like to work for?

Company ①
Average annual income: 8 million yen

Company ②
Average annual income: 6 million yen

Company ③
Average annual income: 5.5 million yen

Next, I will look at the contents of the company shown above.
It is when each company, the total number of employees is 10 people.

Company ① Annual income distribution with an average annual income of 8 million yen
2 million yen: 7 people
2 million yen: 2 people
60 million yen: 1 person

Company ② Annual income distribution with an average annual income of 6 million yen
2 million yen: 2 people
3 million yen: 1 person
7 million yen: 3 people
8 million yen: 4 people

Company ③ Annual income distribution with average annual income of 5.5 million yen
5.5 million yen: 10 people

· Median: The annual income of the middle ranked person
· Mode: The annual income of those who apply the most
· Standard deviation σ: degree of noise
(Average value ± σ → range value of distribution of 68.3% of the whole)

I will ask you again.

Now you are looking for a job place.
Both You will be a company of industry and occupation you want to take.
The number and scale of employees are the same.

Which of the following companies would you like to work for?

Company ①
Average annual income: 8 million yen
Median value: 2 million yen
Mode: 2 million yen
Standard deviation: 17.34 million yen

Company ②
Average annual income: 6 million yen
Median value: 7 million yen
Mode: 8 million yen
Standard deviation: 2.45 million yen

Company ③
Average annual income: 5.5 million yen
Median value: 5.5 million yen
Mode: 5.5 million yen
Standard deviation: 0 million yen

Did you have any change in your intentions?
Have you included other judgment materials in the new information?
If there is a change it is also “variation” (noise, difference).

Judging materials are also important to get close to the ideal distribution.
The tendency of the group as a whole and the tendency when divided into groups may be different.
Materials of judgment that take them into account are also necessary.

If there was a change that also “variation”

Examples in Business – Regeneration of Japan Airlines –

It is a case of Japan Airlines (JAL).
Japan Airlines’ profit at the time of applying the Corporate Rehabilitation Act: March 2010 ▲ 133.7 billion (loss)

As a management method at that time, it roughly looks like the following.

· Revenue is judged only on the whole in each business unit
· Ambiguous estimation We thought that “Da is small”
→ Variation in management judgment was great

Kazuo Inamori started regenerating Japan Airlines and improved it as follows.

· Revenue is determined individually
· Allocate to the right place
→ We decided to use individual judgment criteria by using appropriate judgment materials for business judgment.

Profit after two years from the application of the Corporate Rehabilitation Law: March 2012 ¥ 204.9 billion (surplus)
As management judgment approaches an ideal distribution, it can be said that the result was derived as a profit.

Clarified judgment materials and information, I approached ideal distribution according to individual criteria

To avoid variations

How do I avoid variations?
First, I will explain the concept of basic variation avoidance and the decision algorithm to avoid variation.

Concept of basic variation avoidance

Having a basic idea will reduce the dispersion to a certain extent and the judgment will approach the ideal distribution.

· common information
Variance will increase if you have different information.
If we collect information acquired by individual, we will share it and make it common information.

On the contrary, let’s have a system that can accept common information.

· common judgment material
As I mentioned in the previous example, in order to bring it closer to an ideal distribution with less variation, it is necessary to have a judgment material suitable for it.
For that reason, we must consider the relationship of judgment materials to the quality of the project.
Of course, I think that there is also a related direction in the positive direction if there is also a related direction in the minus direction, but I put both.

In addition, we will use judgment materials as common recognition without changing.
Even if there is common information, common judgment method if it changes, it differs.

· Common judgment method
By deciding the common judgment method, it will be difficult for differences to appear in the judgment difference.

· Clarify procedures
· Clarify priorities
· Clarify judgment criteria of evaluation method
Let’s do common methods such as.

Common information, common judgment materials, judgment method are necessary to reduce the variation

Judgment algorithm for avoiding variation

Common judgment materials and judgment methods are necessary to avoid variations.
However, judgment is often difficult.
This will be a useful way.

This method can be judged logically by giving “rare degree” of appearance to judgment material as a numerical value.
Moreover, this method can compare even if there is no unit of judgment material.

List six or more items related to results

Obtain average value and standard deviation for each item from a certain amount of past data

Issue the value you want to evaluate (the value of the opportunity)

Apply “standard score” for each item for each item

Issue “summary score” for each case

Determine correspondence according to ranking of digest score, numerical value

– List six or more items related to results
I list six or more items that apply to common judgment materials.
Of course you can also include content related to minus direction.
(In that case, the coefficient for outputting the standard score is -1)

If judgment items change for a case, start from here.
There is no need to change it once you decide it.

Evaluate multiple items, example of comparison : Lunch selection (judgment item)
As an example, consider an example of choosing a menu for lunch.

In this case we will compare five types of deals (A lunch, B lunch, C lunch, ramen, curry).
I gave the following as a judgment item.
· Little people lined up
· Expected unit price
· Appearance deliciousness
· Calorie low
· Presence of events
· Low price
Each unit is different.

Next, average values and standard deviations for each item are output from past data.

· Generate average value / standard deviation for each item from a certain amount of past data
Calculate the average value and standard deviation value of the items listed above for a certain period of time.
Therefore, we can not do things that have no judgment materials in the past.
(I think that it can not be said that the judgment material is also related to the case that there is no value of judgment materials in the past, but,

Once you acquire the average value and standard deviation, there is no need to update frequently.
To use standard deviation in Excel, use “STDEV.P” function.

Examples of evaluating and comparing multiple cases : Selection of lunch (average value / standard deviation from past data)
I got it from the value of the item (menu) of the past week of each item.
The average value and standard deviation for each item are as follows.

Next, look at the value you want to evaluate.

· Get the value you want to evaluate (the value of the opportunity)
Fill in the value of the item for the case.
Since lunch selection is for multiple projects, if you want to evaluate one case you can fill in one column of example.

Evaluate multiple cases, example of comparison : Selection of lunch (value of case)
I will give out the evaluation value of today’s lunch menu.
For clarity, coefficients are also added here.

The coefficient “-1” is when the value of the item is better in the minus direction.
The value of this coefficient may be increased according to importance.
(However, please change when the judgment item changes for the case as for the change of the coefficient.)

This time it will be as follows.

I will give out a standard score from here.

· Issue “standard score” for each item for each item
Also, when you want to evaluate one case as well as “When evaluating and comparing multiple cases” also fill in the items, we will issue (item value x – mean value μ) / standard deviation σ for the item.

However, for items with negative judgment, multiply this calculation result by “-1”.
Also, depending on the importance of the item, multiply this calculation result by a factor. (Basically, you do not have to multiply the coefficient.)

Evaluate multiple cases, example of comparison : Selection of lunch (standard score)
For each item, we calculate the standard score “coefficient × (value x of project case – average value μ) / standard deviation σ”.

· Issue “summary score” for each case
Find the average value of the standard score for the case. (Standard score 1 + Standard score 2 + ⋯ + Standard score n) / Number of items n

Evaluate multiple cases, example of comparison : Selection of lunch (summary score)
We will calculate the average value for each item (for each menu) from the standard score you asked earlier.

– ranking of summary scores, determining responses according to numbers
We will make decisions based on summary score values.

· When you want to evaluate one case
Decision contents are decided for numerical value of summary score.

· When you want to evaluate and compare multiple items
Decision contents are decided for numerical value of summary score.
Alternatively, the determination content is determined with respect to the ranking of the numerical value of the summary score.

Evaluate multiple cases, example of comparison : Lunch selection (judgment)
I have decided the evaluation correspondence.
Here
Choose the highest summary score as lunch

Therefore, the judgment will be “A lunch”.
This reduced variance in choosing lunch …⁈

Through these, common judgment materials and judgment methods will be established.
Variation can be minimized.

These concepts are exactly the same as “process capability” in product manufacturing.
It is the same as assigning the process capability to each judgment material for the case.

Please see this page for details. “Variance and process capability”

Judgment algorithm can be used to judge by common judgment materials and judgment method

 

Categories
Management term

Management 7 Bias of intention in decision

Post author By pisen

Post date 2017-05-04

No Comments on Management 7 Bias of intention in decision

Intention bias in decision

What is bias?

The idea of bias becomes very important in business.
We will be involved in many things such as business efficiency improvement, business quality, business strategy, product image.

The fact that you do not know that you know the way of thinking of bias is the same as not having one weapon in business.
The way of thinking is very deep, here we will briefly explain, but if you want to know more deeply please try to find out more.

What is bias in decision

Bias is “prejudice, bias, and paranoid”.
Especially in the case of this “decision making intention” it becomes bias of the way of thinking.
It is actually what everyone has, it comes out to personality, personality, life.

The bias of this way of thinking is very important in referencing various ways of thinking.
In other words, it is said that “people who have ideas can not make the same decision”.

Also, even if you make intuitive judgment bias will be involved.
Power to judge things firmly “Will power” will be consumed in the same way as physical strength.
In order to suppress its will, I think that it is equipped with an automatic judgment function called a bias.

Have not you felt like this in the company?

· The contents of the task of the section manager and department manager are different
· Boss judges people by looking at people
· Decide as a person who can not do with one failure
· Excessive trust and excessive distrust of people
· Take a story of another person and make it judgment criteria

It can be said that the bias of the way of thinking appears greatly.

Biases of thinking, it comes out in personality and character

Should biases be managed?

Should I actually manage that bias?

Let’s think about things at factories and other production sites.
Variation and Process Capability But we are talking in detail, but the product has variability / bias It is important to secure quality considering that.
As a result, there are standards in products, which will be passed to the world and the quality will be kept.

The way of variation as a natural phenomenon is represented by a normal distribution.
The deviation and variation of product manufacturing are as shown in the figure below.

The curve in blue is the ideal target distribution, the curve in red is a distribution with large variation, the curve in brown color is in distribution with bias.

We will adjust it to approach the ideal target distribution.
This reduces reworking and disposal and improves profitability.

Exactly the same thing can be said in other work.
Manufacturers · factories say that this is the only way to secure quality and efficiency, but the business itself does not say much.

If you think that the object is central to the center, the ideal distribution in other tasks, the distribution with large dispersion, and the distribution with bias are as follows.

Depending on the work, there are few visible parts that are actually visible, and it is difficult to judge whether the quality is bad or bad.
However, it becomes very useful for the company by managing it.

The bias is corrected as follows because of bias state distribution state.

Efficiency improvement of work · Management is necessary for business quality assurance

Type of bias

Bias is “biased / paranoid”, so there are enormous numbers of subjects.
Here I will explain some of the biases that are likely to be related to business, among the countless biases.

General bias

Generally, it becomes bias of wrong idea.

· Thunk cost bias
· Overconfident, under bias
· Loss avoidance bias

· Thunk cost bias
It becomes a bias against sunk cost (burial cost: time spent, effort, money).
In order to recover the sunk cost once spent, it becomes a bias to further increase the sunk cost.
As a way of thinking, it is equivalent to thinking into gambling that costs can be recovered if you invest a little more.

For companies, this bias has become an inseparable one.
It is said that it is a mission for each company how to judge where.
I would like to take up a detailed story later on “Failure cases with bias in business”.

· Overconfident, Under bias
This bias is biased by the difference from the objective position as to how to grasp own evaluation.

Relatively male is said to have a strong bias of “overconfidence”, women are said to be “biased too much confidence” bias.
In addition, those who continue to be praised on a daily basis are said to have a strong bias of “overconfidence”, and those who continue to be blamed are said to have a strong bias of “self-confidence underestimation”.

• Loss avoidance bias
It is very similar to Thunk Cost Bias.
It is biased to emphasize ‘lose’ rather than ‘get’ and to avoid risk.
It is an essential bias that moves away from human fear.

· Example: If you shake a dice, “1, 2, 3” comes out you will lose “eyes out * 1000”, if “4, 5, 6” comes out you will get “outgoing eyes * ¥ 1000” .
Chance is only once.

Do you do?

Even if the amount of money you get is doubled, there are things to lose, so you should think for a while to avoid “losing”.
If it is an excessive loss avoidance bias, it will be impossible to do something new.

Generally wrong idea bias

Social bias

As a society it becomes a biased idea related to groups.

· Bias against gender
· Bias against ethnic groups
· Bias against culture
· Bias against religion

Social bias is very persistent because the group as a whole may fall into a sort of collective thinking.
Therefore, it is a difficult bias to change your mind.

Bias against gender
It is biased toward thinking like male and female base and discrimination on work on gender discrimination.

It will be contents that distinguish between jobs given to men and jobs given to women.
Of course, men and women are heterogeneous so it would be fine if the right materials are right, but men and women have to be treated equally.

· bias against ethnicity
It is biased toward thinking among ethnic groups.
Even if it crosses the country or ethnic group, even if it is in the same country, there is a similar bias depending on regional differences.

Bias for culture
It is biased toward thinking about culture and country.

For example, how to eat noodles
·Japan:
Eat it by sipping noodles → How to eat the best use of olfaction
·overseas:
Noodle softly eating → eating it with sound makes manners violate

The idea that “Japanese at the time of meal = how to eat is dirty” is biased.

· bias against religion
It is biased toward thinking about religion.
This bias is strong among social bias.
Because it is often called a bias, since you often create images for your religion without permission, there is also a place close to “hypothesis verification bias” which we will discuss later.

It does not become “way of thinking of correspondence religion = person’s way of thinking”.
“Many ways of thinking belonging to correspondence religion = not that person’s way of thinking” does not become.

Biased ideas related to groups

cognitive bias

It becomes a bias of the idea born by recognition and recognition.

· Heuristic bias
· Verify bias
· Anchoring

· heuristic bias
By knowing heuristics (tacit knowledge, implicit rules, near accurate hypothesis), it becomes a bias of the way of thinking about it.

It is not grounds to accept that it is based on implicit rules.
It can not be said to be a bad thing, but do not neglect the most important theoretical part (grounds) where priority is given to it.

Example: Heuristic bias in folk remedy
Although it has not been elucidated medically, if there is information that it acts as folk remedy, it will take precedence and practice it.

· Validation bias
It is biased towards thinking that listens only opinions that strengthen self-esteem

We collect only information based on our own hypothesis, we will not gather the opposite information.
Therefore, it seems that my own hypothesis became an established theory as self-suggestion was applied.

Example: Rumor · Gossip
I talked about the contents of rumors and gossip around and strengthened my opinion though the information came back to me.
Furthermore, if there are a lot of stories, there is no confirmation of the rumor itself, but it turns into conviction.

Another example as an example: appearance
Judgment of those who are likely to have money (psychology)

· Suit suits
Dressed well → company workers → “Are you making money?”
· Regular clothes
Rough appearance → Not on occupation → “Do not you earn much money with freeters?”

This is also one of the confirmation bias.
Depending on the case, there is never such a thing.
Even those who actually have money have plenty to live in, there are many people who live.

· Anchoring
The information given earlier is biased towards thinking distorting and influencing the information after it

After showing a large number it is biased toward the larger numerical value, after showing a small numerical value it is biased toward the smaller numerical value.
In the business world we use a lot of anchoring.

Example: Advertisement
Have you seen ads like the one below?
· Place one numerical value
· Put the numerical value to be compared (big one) in front

①
②

How is that? Did not you feel cheaper ②?
In other businesses, for example, in the business display the highest brand store ‘s products from the outside of the brand store, customers who enter the store after seeing it feel that the items in the store are cheap. It is contents.

Biased idea born by recognizing / recognizing

Failure example with bias in business

Concorde case

Frequently issued in the case of thunk cost bias is the story of a supersonic aircraft “Concorde”.

As a supersonic aircraft, “Concorde” finally managed by British Airways and Air France.
Various problems such as restricted airport use, sound problems, cruising distance problems and others remained.
The investment amount expanded steadily.

Example of service: London ~ New York

Concorde General jet aircraft

Fare (round trip) About 1.8 million yen About 100,000 yen (LCC)
About 1.4 million yen (first)

Time 3 hours 45 minutes 7 hours 40 minutes

Maximum cruising distance 20 1

fuel ratio [per passenger] 7,229 km Approximately 15,000 km

Number of seats 100 about 200 – 300

Seating size Economy class degree –

Approximate sunk cost transition of Concorde

The psychology of recovery of investment was not dispelled, it continued investment as it was, and it came to the end in 2003.
If you include sunk cost as decision intention, it will be biased like this, not only can not be decided at an early stage, but it will make the situation worse.

Surely there is a way to solve the problem, or if the technology is more advanced it may have been different.
But, as a result, that judgment was wrong.

Do not use sunk cost as a criterion

To avoid bias

How should we avoid the bias?

· certain information
It also supports the theoretical underlying information
Make the source solid.

Judgment check for information
Information incorporates not only one way but also disputational opinion.
As a judgment method
If there is a bias in the group, check if there is any bias situation in education.

To reduce the bias “certain information” and “judgment check”

Categories
others

LINE STICKER＆LINE BOT

Post author By pisen

Post date 2017-05-01

No Comments on LINE STICKER＆LINE BOT

Line sticker & line bottom creation

I tried to make a LINE sticker from the illustrator maamii and asked for a request.
The story of this LINE sticker was placed on the placeOn’s homepage just before, but we have not talked about here.

I was glad that you made a few LINE stickers and released a png file made by prototype on free of charge, so I decided to make it public and introduce the explanation.LINE sticker introduction and sticker review, About LINE BOT I would like to touch it briefly.

Introduction of LINE sticker

It was a better introduction than maamii, and I will post comments as well.
There were many comparison men how to see this blog, so even introducing it may have been useless as an advertisement.
However, it looks like a style that is fairly accepted by women.

Colorful stickers of rabbit and girl

Colorful stickers of rabbit and girl.
It is a colorful stickers of rabbit and girl. Let’s tell the colorful feeling!

Hello! Let’s go the CAT1・2

Hello! Let’s go the CAT.
Sticker of expressive cat .You can use this sticker in various scenes.

Hello! Let’s go the CAT 2.
Sticker of expressive cat in a second series.

Devil’s Panda and Angel’s Panda

Devil’s Panda and Angel’s Panda
There is a day of devil’s feelings and angel’s feelings. These are stickers that can be selectively used to suit your mood.

Annoying long bangs

Annoying long bangs.
Sticker of annoying long bangs. I made when long bangs was very annoying.

Sweebbit & Sweet Fairy

Sweebbit & Sweet Fairy.
Everyone call me Sweebbit. I have great day with fellows including Sweet Fairy. Let’s enjoy putting on stickers with me.

Free distribution image

It can also be sent as an image on LINE, or it can be used for accents of a little printed matter.
This is not sold at “LINE CREATERS MARKET”.
Anyone can use it anywhere without notice.
(I do not think there is such a thing ,,,) It can not be assured even if some disadvantage or damage comes out by using it.

※ By clicking the image, the image will be displayed in the actual size.
It seems that part of the image is broken, but the image of the actual size is not cut.

KANJI character sticker

Although it originally created for LINE sticker, since it did not meet the examination criteria of LINE sticker, it is made public.

About creator LINE sticker

LINE stamp can be easily created.
It is not much different from creating icons.
However, after passing through LINE’s review, you can actually sell and spread.

LINE sticker review

I will only mention relatively many things.

· Forget transmission
· Only letters or large letters
· Using photos
· 2 colors or less
· With sexual expression
· Simple one, no distinction in sticker

It takes a very long time to pass the screening process.
(About 2-3 months?)
I think that there is a problem of copyright.

In order not to be rejected as much as possible, let’s fix it immediately.

About LINE BOT

It is an application of interactive automatic response using the LINE talk screen.
Various BOTs are appearing as functions of each company and LINE.

To make LINE BOT

By incorporating the Messaging API into its own program, it becomes possible to develop an interactive Bot application (function) using LINE’s talk screen.

However, there is a paid license and a free license, and PUSH transmission (free to BOT user at any timing from the BOT side) can not be done for free.
It is only REPLY transmission (transmission from BOT user and reply to it).
There is also a plan called Developer Trial, but BOT can be used by up to 50 people.

I will briefly describe the procedure for making LINE BOT.

· LINE Business member registration, BOT registration
· BOT function setting with LINE @ MANEGER
· Get BOT token with LINE Developers
· Program creation using Messaging API
· BOT delivery

The following contents are indicated by sample (experimentally used one).
Separately I am lonely, I do not want to love. . . (I’m sorry.)

· LINE Business member registration, BOT registration
First, register at LINE Business Center .
Members can easily register as necessary contents are filled in.

· BOT function setting in LINE @ MANEGER
Press “LINE @ MANGER” to move to LINE @ MANGER.
I will set it as it is, but there is something important.

It is a request setting of “account setting” → “BOT setting”.
You can not use it unless you use “Webhook Send” here.

・Get a BOT token with LINE Developers
You can create an interactive BOT application by including Messaging API .
Jump from the previous LINE Developers or have them move from LINE Developers .

QR code can be used to register BOT as a friend to LINE (use as a function).
(1) is for communication confirmation.
When “VERIFY” is pressed and “success” is displayed, communication between the BOT and the creation program is possible and the BOT can be used.

(2) is a sequence of letters.
Set this as an AccessToken in the program that creates it.
I think that it is good to make a program after confirming that the AccessToken part can be created and communicated first.
Because it is surprisingly addictive.

· Program creation using Messaging API
When incorporating the Messaging API, SDK for each language is also provided, so it is relatively easy to incorporate.
（Java、PHP、Go、Perl、Ruby、Python）

It will be API reference .
Please refer to this and try it.

Actually using it will look like this.
The response program is quite appropriate.

In fact it is currently being used for easy concierge feeling of goods and services such as shops and facilities, but it is still in the state of seeking.

 

Categories
Electrical and electrical / electronic design

Electrical design 2　Concept of safety category for maintaining functions

Post author By pisen

Post date 2017-04-12

2 Comments on Electrical design 2　Concept of safety category for maintaining functions

Concept of safety category for maintaining functions

Safety categories are named “safe”, so it tends to be confused with “safety”, but it is not.
Safe Name of robustness / tolerance level that you can maintain function .

The safety category is the degree of “strength of maintenance” of “safety function”.
Therefore, the safety function (safety) is another problem.

The way of thinking is “function preservation” , which makes it a very useful reference other than safety functions.
I would like to talk about it this time.

Concept of Safety Category

As I mentioned briefly earlier, the safety category is a level of robustness and durability that “safety function” can be maintained.
This way of thinking can be thought of as a control as well, if it says either, it becomes the way of thinking of the robustness and tolerance of the function on the hardware side.

It is also related to risk assessment “probability of injury” , lowering the risk level of risk assessment Also useful.

The way of thinking is consolidated in hardware reliability “functional reliability” to maintain quality of product function It will be a story to do.

If constructed in the same way as this safety category, the robustness and durability of the functions normally used are also similarly raised.

“Safety category” ≒ “Maintenance level of function”

Therefore, it is possible to use it for safety other than safety, to maintain the function.

Categorization

The level of function maintenance (category) explained, can be easily divided into the following five.

· Category B
· Category 1
· Category 2
· Category 3
· Category 4

The lower you go, the more robustness and tolerance will be.
These are based on safety category classification and the necessary requirement ISO 13849-1.
Next, I will explain how it is organized by category.

Categories can be divided into 5

Category B

Normally, the desired function can be realized . (Level at which the safety function operates)

It becomes a series of flow with “input → function → output”.

If something happens, the function will be a level category that stops the operation.
Therefore, category B does not hold as a circuit for maintaining safety functions.
Let’s design it as intrinsically safe (safety is fundamentally established before safety functions are necessary) as safety.

Category B can not be used to maintain safety function

Category 1

satisfy the condition of category B and using the examined component , safety is obeying the safety principle .

Just like Category B, “Input -> Function -> Output” and flow will be together.

What are the examined components
· High reliability and reduced fault possibility
· Certainly operating in the safe direction in case of failure
· Things that have been widely used for safety

Category B + It is a way of thinking of using reliable parts.

Category 1 is to use the examined components

Category 2

satisfy the condition of category B and have inspection function , safety is safety It follows that principle .

“Input -> function -> output” and the flow of flow are the same.
Moreover, “inspection function” is added form.

Inspection function is a function to check manually or automatically whether the function is maintained at an arbitrary timing.
Based on the inspection result, we decide whether to operate.

Category 2 added inspection function

Category 3

または、

satisfy the condition of category B and have monitoring function , redundancy Dual circuit) , safety is Safety principle .

“Input 1 → Function 1 → Output 1”, “Input 2 → Function 2 → Output 2” and the flow of operation is divided into two lines.
Both functions are the same.

From category 3, it is considered as a very important part and thus it is necessary to make it “redundant” (duplicated).

“Redundancy” is a circuit or system that operates without problems even if one of the functions is duplicated and the other remains even if one of them fails.
This is a very good method as a way to increase functional reliability.
However, the cost is double that amount.

Also, since there is a monitoring function, it can detect when a failure occurs.
Category 3 does not guarantee until multiple duplicate failures (accumulation of failures).

Category 3 redundancy and monitoring function

Category 4

It is the same as Category 3 as a circuit.

satisfy the condition of category 3 and tolerance to failure accumulation .

As with category 3, the flow of operation is divided into two lines as “input 1 → function 1 → output 1”, “input 2 → function 2 → output 2”.
The function of both systems is the same.

What is tolerance to failure accumulation
· Detect if a single fault occurs when the function is executed or when a fault occurs
· The function is not compromised by multiple duplicate failures (accumulation of failure)

Categories 3 and 4 are constructed in the same way in important parts such as airplane system and bank system system.
Think about similar places where you can not miss as a function.

Category 4 further improves resistance to category 3

Like these, the same idea as the safety category is very useful for maintaining the function.
It is necessary to think about how to maintain the function at design time.
Please respond according to the situation.

 

Categories
Mechanical design

Mechanical design 2 Characteristics and selection of copper for mechanical parts

Post author By pisen

Post date 2017-04-07

No Comments on Mechanical design 2 Characteristics and selection of copper for mechanical parts

Characteristics and Selection of Copper for Machine Parts

Like Aluminum, I think that it is always touched copper (Cu) related products as much as I can say everyday.
I would like to explain how to select when actually using it in development design, together with the characteristics this time.

Chemical properties

Copper is widely used in general and its usage is various considering chemical properties.
But because of its features, I would like to talk about its chemical properties compared to the materials used for mechanical parts here.

Weight

The specific gravity of copper is about 120% of iron, about 200% of titanium, about 330% of aluminum and about 460% of carbon fiber.
Specific gravity of copper: 8.8 g / cm 3

In terms of weight, it is the heaviest among these, and there is no merit.

In order of specific gravity:
copper> iron> titanium> copper> carbon fiber

Weight is about 120% heavier than iron

Conductivity / thermal conductivity

It has high conductivity and thermal conductivity under normal circumstances.
It depends on the condition, but as you know it is very expensive.
I will compare and explain.

Conductivity
The electrical resistivity of copper is about 0.0003% of carbon fiber, about 4% of titanium, about 18% of iron and about 60% of aluminum.
Copper electric resistivity: 16.8 nΩ · m

Among the metals commonly used under normal temperature environment, copper has good electrical conductivity after silver.
Therefore, copper is used for general electric cables and electric wires.

Electrical resistivity order:
carbon fiber> titanium> iron> copper> copper

· Thermal conductivity
The thermal conductivity of copper is about 80% of carbon fiber, about 170% of aluminum, about 500% of iron, about 1900% of titanium.
Copper is used in many products that efficiently convey heat.
Copper thermal conductivity: 400 W / (m · K)

The order of thermal conductivity:
carbon fiber> copper> copper> iron> titanium

Of the metals that are normally used, the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity are the best.

Chemical properties

· Corrosivity
Copper has low ionization tendency after gold, silver and is relatively strong against acid and alkali.
In the air, a copper oxide film gradually forms on the surface and the inside is protected, so there is no further corrosion progression.

In order of ionization tendency
copper> titanium> iron> copper

Magnetic
Copper is a diamagnetic body and when it applies a magnetic field, it is weak, but it will be the opposite magnetic only then at that time to repel its magnetic field.
Even if a magnet is attached, it is not magnetized.
Therefore, it is often used around sensors such as measuring instruments.

High corrosion resistance. There is no magnetism.

Mechanical properties

Copper is an essential part of mechanical parts by using mechanical properties.
I will explain what it is like.

Strength

Copper strength is somewhat inferior to iron.
Depending on the alloy, the specific strength of copper is the same as that of iron.
Therefore, considering the same volume, heavier copper will weaken the strength.

Processability

It is very soft and processability is bad with copper alone.
By making it a copper alloy, the processability is improved while taking advantage of the goodness of copper, and the application is wide. In the case of
Because of high thermal conductivity, warping and deformation are more likely to occur when processing than iron.
It is almost impossible in cutting, cutting and die punching, such as drawing, grinding, bending, welding, etc.

Copper can be easily cast.
Its melting point is lower than that of iron, so castability is high like iron.
However, since the coefficient of thermal expansion is a little high, distortion is likely to occur due to welding or the like.
Moreover, it is hard to heat local heating because of high thermal conductivity.

Processability is high, casting is relatively easy, but caution is also required for processing requiring heat

Price

It depends on circumstances and alloys, not everything applies, but it will be below.

In order of price per weight
carbon fiber> titanium> copper> aluminum> stainless steel> iron

Copper is widely used in various fields than features.
For that reason it is relatively expensive than others.

Copper is relatively expensive

Other

· Antibacterial
Copper is said to have antimicrobial properties.
It is said to inactivate a wide range of microorganisms by oxide film and chlorine compound generated on the surface.

· Color changes with aging
When placing copper in the air for many years, the color changes with time due to the influence of the oxide film generated on the surface.
It turns reddish brown → green and blue in about ten years.
Merits / Demerits Although it can be caught in either case, copper has a distinctive hue.

· Easy to recycle
Like aluminum, copper is easy to recycle.
It is easy to extract as copper alone, so it is recycled a lot.

· Very strong under low temperature environment
Copper does not become brittle even under low temperature environments.
Therefore, it is also used for superconducting materials and so on.

However, for copper and copper alloys that are usually used, let’s not use it in an environment where the temperature is high because its maximum temperature is about 300 degrees.

easy to recycle

At what time did you choose copper?

· I want to pass a lot of electricity per volume
Among the metals commonly used under normal temperature environment, copper is often used for electric cables and the like because it has good electrical conductivity next to silver.
However, when comparing per weight, aluminum conducts electricity.
I think that it is necessary to think by weight or volume.

· I want to convey fever efficiently
Copper has very good thermal conductivity as well as conductivity.
It is also often used for heat sinks and heat exchangers.

· I want to use it for parts of measuring equipment
Copper has diamagnetism, but it is not magnetized by the magnet.
Therefore, it is suitable for parts of measuring instruments that affect magnetic force.

· Want to use materials that can be maintained in low temperature environment
As I mentioned earlier, copper does not become brittle in very cold environments.
Therefore, it is strong even at low temperature.
However, let’s notice how to use because it is relatively weak in places like high temperature.

There are many others, too.

Copper is used in a wide variety of applications.
Please try variously in consideration of the situation depending on the situation.
It is the third most widely used material after iron and aluminum.
Because quality is stable, replacement design can be done comparatively easily.

Usage is diverse. Easy to replace

Below is a tumbler using the thermal conductivity characteristic of copper.
The cold thing is cold, and it is more tasty with the coldness feeling on the lip just before drinking.
和平フレイズラウンドロックタンブラー 380ml 燕三純銅 EM-9606

Standard (alloy)

Copper alloy is copper based alloy.
Copper alloys are very common, for example Japanese coins other than 1 yen coin will be copper alloys.

Because copper is soft, it can be alloyed with manganese, tin, magnesium, zinc, nickel or the like to improve the properties as a metal material.
Copper alloys can roughly be roughly divided into a rolling (drawing) method and a casting method, as with aluminum, and are material specifications for each application.

· Copper sign
It will be the initial letter C.
· Alloy · Alloy number
It will be the number of the alloy. The type of alloy is determined by the number at the head of this number.
· Shape · Manufacturing condition code
P: Plate, disc
PC: laminating board
H: Foil
FD: Die forged wrought goods
FH: Free dedicated goods
Such
– Condition symbol
F: Production as it is
O: Annealing
H: Work hardening
Such

Alloy of rolling (drawing) method

Here, we will explain the standard of “rolling (drawing) method” which is particularly frequently used.
Among the alloys of the rolling (drawing) method, there are non-heat treated alloys and heat treated alloys.

Copper alloy of the rolling method uses the name of the international copper alloy with a four-digit number.
Commercially available plate thickness is 0.3, 0.8, 1.0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 mm is.
There are other board thicknesses, but it is easy to design, considering this too.

• 1000 series (pure copper)
When the copper purity is 99.9% or more, the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity are good but the strength is low.
It is used as a conductive material or an aluminum foil, and it is not suitable as a structure or machine part.

C1020: Core wire of electric wire

· 2000 series (Cu – Zn alloy)
It becomes an alloy of copper and zinc.
Also referred to as brass or brass, it is most widely used among copper alloys.
Because of its good processability and beautiful, it is widely used, and it is also used for hardware.
Cracking may occur due to the residual stress at the time of processing, just by placing the alloy processed and so on.
This is a type of stress corrosion cracking, let’s design with internal stress taken into account during processing.

C2600: Connection terminal
C2680: Wiring equipment parts

• Series 3000 (Cu – Pb alloy)
It will be a copper alloy with lead added to improve workability.
It is also called free cutting brass.

C3560: Gear gear etc.

4000 series (Cu – Zn – Sn alloy)
2000 series (brass) with tin added.
Therefore, the resistance to corrosion in sea water has been increased more than brass.
Besides, it becomes an alloy which is resistant to stress corrosion cracking and abrasion.

C4250: Relays, switches
C 4621: Part for marine use

• 5000 series (Cu – Sn alloy, Cu – Sn – P alloy)
It is made by adding tin and phosphorus.
Also called phosphor bronze, it has strong strength and excellent spring properties.
Moreover, it is used for various things because it has good workability such as bending and drawing and high electric conductivity.

C 5191: wiring equipment parts etc.

• 6000 series (Cu – Al alloy, Cu – Si alloy)

6000 series such as C 6161 and C 6191 are made of aluminum bronze or brass for instrument valves, high strength brass

• 7000 series (Cu – Ni alloy, Cu – Ni – Zn alloy)
It becomes nickel plus it, it is also called white copper.
Also nickel plus zinc is also called western silver.
Since these colors become whitish, they are used as a substitute for silver from the appearance.

It is used for ornaments and tableware for beautiful things.
It also has strong corrosion resistance and seawater resistance.

C7351: Musical instrument

Copper has different characteristics in terms of color, corrosivity and conductivity depending on the alloy

Alloy of casting method

Below is the alloy standard of the casting method.
As a characteristic, it is almost the same as the alloy of the rolling (drawing) method, so it only lists the name.

“CAC” is attached to the name

CAC 101: pure copper system
CAC 201: Cu-Zn series
CAC 301: Cu-Zn-Al type
CAC 401: Cu-Sn series
CAC 502 A: Cu – Sn – P system
ACAC 602: Cu – Sn – Pb type
CAC 701: Cu-Al series
CAC 801: Cu – Zn – Si series
CAC 901: Cu-Sn-Bi type

Copper is used very much in various fields.
I think that a better copper alloy will be produced in the future.

Copper products are used as various processed products as follows.
 

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